MICROCOSMOS

from Lynn Margulis & Dorion Sagan
"Microcosmos Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution"(1987)

The microscope has gradually exposed the vastness of the microcosm and is now giving us a startling view of our true place in nature. It now appears that microbes--also called microorganisms, germs, bugs, protozoans, and bacteria, depending on the context--are not only the building blocks of life, but occupy and are indispensable to every known living structure on the earth today. From the paramecium to the human race, all life forms are meticulously organized, sophisticated aggregates of evolving microbial life...

...the simplest and most ancient organisms are not only the forebears and the present substrate of the earth's biota, but they are ready to expand and alter themselves and the rest of life, should we "higher" organisms be so foolish as to annihilate ourselves.

Next, the view of evolution as chronic bloody competition among individuals and species, a popular distortion of Darwin's notion of "survival of the fittest," dissolves before a new view of continual cooperation, strong interaction and mutual dependence among life forms. Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking. life forms multiplied and complexified by co-opting others, not just by killing them."

"As we examine ourselves as products of symbiosis over billions of years, the supporting evidence for our multimicrobe ancestry becomes overwhelming. Our bodies contain a veritable history of life on earth. Our cells maintain an environment that is cardon - and hydrogen - rich, like that of the earth when life began. They live in a medium of water and salts like the composition of the early seas."

"It is not preposterous to postulate that the very conciousness that enables us to probe the workings of our cells may have been born of the concerted capacities of millions of microbes that evolved symbiotically to become the human brain."

"There is no evidence that human beings are the supreme stewards of life on earth, nor the lesser offspring of a superintelligent extraterrestial source. But there is evidence to show that we are recombined from powerful bacterial communities with a multibillion-year-old history.

...Our powers of intelligence and technology do not belong specifically to us but to all life

...Intelligence and technology, incubated by humankind, are really the property of the microcosm. they may well survive our species in forms of the future that lie beyond our limited imaginations."

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